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The Berghof was Adolf Hitler's home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany. Other than the Wolfsschanze ("Wolf's Lair"), his headquarters in East Prussia for the invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler spent more time at the Berghof than anywhere else during World War II. It was also one of the most widely known of his headquarters,〔Eberle, Henrik and Uhl, Matthias, ''The Unknown Hitler'', 11th chapter, p. 200〕 which were located throughout Europe. Rebuilt, much expanded and renamed in 1935, the Berghof was Hitler's vacation residence for ten years. In late April 1945 the house was damaged by British aerial bombs, set on fire by retreating SS troops in early May, and looted after Allied troops reached the area. The burnt out shell was demolished by the Bavarian government in 1952. ==History== The Berghof began as a much smaller chalet called ''Haus Wachenfeld'', a holiday home built in 1916 (or 1917) by ''Kommerzienrat'' Otto Winter, a businessman from Buxtehude. This was located near the ''Platterhof'', the former ''Pension Moritz'' where Hitler had stayed in 1922–23. By 1926, the family running the Pension had left and Hitler did not like the new owner. He moved first to the ''Marineheim'' and then to a hotel in Berchtesgaden, the ''Deutsches Haus'', where he dictated the second volume of ''Mein Kampf'' in the summer of 1926. Hitler met his alleged lover Maria Reiter, who worked in a shop on the ground floor of the hotel, during another visit in autumn 1926. In 1928, Winter's widow rented ''Haus Wachenfeld'' to Hitler and his half-sister Angela came to live there as housekeeper, although she left soon after her daughter Geli's 1931 death in Hitler's Munich apartment. By 1933 Hitler had purchased ''Haus Wachenfeld'' with funds he received from the sale of his political manifesto ''Mein Kampf''. The small chalet-style building was refurbished and much expanded during 1935–36 by architect Alois Degano when it was renamed ''The Berghof''. A large terrace was built and featured big, colourful, resort-style canvas umbrellas. The entrance hall "was filled with a curious display of cactus plants in majolica pots." A dining room was panelled with very costly cembra pine. Hitler's large study had a telephone switchboard room. The library contained books "on history, painting, architecture and music." A great hall was furnished with expensive Teutonic furniture, a large globe and an expansive red marble fireplace mantel. Behind one wall was a projection booth for evening screenings of films (often, Hollywood productions that were otherwise banned in Germany). A sprawling picture window could be lowered into the wall to give a sweeping, open air view of the snow-capped mountains in Hitler's native Austria. The house was maintained much like a small resort hotel by several housekeepers, gardeners, cooks and other domestic workers. "This place is mine," Hitler was quoted as saying to a writer for ''Homes and Gardens magazine'' in 1938. "I built it with money that I earned." 〔Phayre, Ignatius, Homes and Gardens, ''(Hitler's Mountain Home )'', November 1938, retrieved 12 December 2007 – Most of these descriptions come from this 1938 magazine article which was very likely written under a pseudonym by political writer William George Fitzgerald in a tone which has been described as "breathless... Hello!-style." The photographs had all been taken by Heinrich Hoffmann (many of them years earlier) and given to the magazine as publicity handouts. The article happened to surface in 2003 after decades of obscurity, see the Guardian reference below.〕〔Waldman, Simon, The Guardian, ''(At home with the Führer )'', 3 November 2003, retrieved 12 December 2007〕 British ''Homes & Gardens'' magazine described him as "his own decorator, designer, and furnisher, as well as architect" and the chalet as "bright and airy" with "a light jade green colour scheme"; caged Harz Roller canaries were kept in most of the rooms, which were furnished with antiques, mostly German furniture from the 18th century. Old engravings hung in the guest bedrooms, along with some of Hitler's small water-colour sketches. His personal valet Heinz Linge stated that Hitler and his longtime companion Eva Braun had two bedrooms and two bathrooms with interconnecting doors and Hitler would end most evenings alone with her in his study drinking tea. Though Hitler did not smoke, smoking was allowed on the terrace. His vegetarian diet was supplied by nearby kitchen gardens and, later, a greenhouse. A large complex of mountain homes for the Nazi leadership with a landing strip and many buildings for their security and support staff were constructed nearby. To acquire the land for these projects, many neighbours were compelled to sell their properties and leave.〔Connolly. Kate, telegraph.co.uk, ''(Hitler's eyrie becomes a playground for the rich )'', 2 February 2005, retrieved 18 December 2007〕 A ''Kehlsteinhaus'', nicknamed ''Eagle's Nest'' by a French diplomat, was built in 1937–38 (with remarkably lavish government funds spent as a national gift for his 50th birthday) on the mountaintop above the Berghof, but Hitler rarely went there. The Berghof became something of a German tourist attraction during the mid-1930s. Visitors gathered at the end of the driveway or on nearby public paths in the hope of catching a glimpse of Hitler. This led to the introduction of severe restrictions on access to the area and other security measures. A large contingent of the SS Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler were housed in barracks adjacent to the Berghof. Under the command of ''Obersturmbannführer'' Bernhard Frank, they patrolled an extensive cordoned security zone that encompassed the nearby homes of the other Nazi leaders. With the outbreak of war extensive anti-aircraft defences were also installed, including smoke generating machines to conceal the Berghof complex from hostile aircraft. Further, the nearby former hotel "Turken" was turned into quarters to house the ''Reichssicherheitsdienst'' (RSD) SS security men who patrolled the grounds of the Berghof.〔Hoffmann, Peter. (2000). ''Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921-1945'', Da Capo Press, pp. 181–186.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berghof (residence)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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